[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"tool-content:en:board-foot-calculator":3,"glossary:en":53,"published-tools-en":103},{"id":4,"documentId":5,"slug":6,"intro":7,"howTo":8,"longContent":9,"createdAt":10,"updatedAt":11,"publishedAt":12,"locale":13,"name":14,"faq":15,"examples":36,"category":37,"seo":47,"localizations":52,"metaTitle":49,"metaDescription":50},309,"guq8ese48g2i2kd9pi9euxds","board-foot-calculator","\u003Cp>A board foot is \u003Cstrong>144 cubic inches\u003C\u002Fstrong> of lumber, so the board foot calculation runs thickness in inches by width in inches by length, divided by \u003Cstrong>144 when the length is in inches\u003C\u002Fstrong> or by \u003Cstrong>12 when the length is in feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>. This board foot calculator totals a whole cut list rather than one board at a time, reads sawmill quarter notation such as 4\u002F4 and 8\u002F4 then prices the order per board foot. It also prints what that list measures once planed, a lower count than the mill bills.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>Add one row per batch of identical boards, then fill in thickness, width in inches, length and how many pieces. Write the thickness the way the yard writes it, 4\u002F4 for one inch or 8\u002F4 for two. The decimal it used appears in small type beside any row typed in quarters.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Switch the length unit to feet or inches so it matches the quote in hand, then type the price per board foot. Leave it at 0 when only the volume is wanted.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Read the board feet per row before trusting the total, since a row far from its neighbors usually means a thickness typed as 8 instead of 8\u002F4. The amber panel underneath gives the same list measured after S2S planing along with what the gap costs.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Export the cut list as CSV or TXT to hand over at the counter. The share link reopens the page with every row already filled in for whoever prices it next.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>","\u003Ch2 id=\"how-do-you-calculate-a-board-foot\">How do you calculate a board foot?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>One board foot holds \u003Cstrong>144 cubic inches\u003C\u002Fstrong> of wood, the volume of a piece 1 inch thick by 12 inches wide by 12 inches long. Yards and mills call that count the board foot measure. The board foot calculation runs thickness × width × length, divided by \u003Cstrong>144 when the length is in inches\u003C\u002Fstrong> or by \u003Cstrong>12 when the length is in feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Six 4\u002F4 boards 6 inches wide by 8 feet long work out at 1 × 6 × 8 ÷ 12 = 4 board feet each. Two further rows bring that cut list to \u003Cstrong>44 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> over 12 pieces and \u003Cstrong>$286.00\u003C\u002Fstrong> at $6.50 per board foot.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2 id=\"quarter-notation-4-4-5-4-8-4\">What do 4\u002F4, 5\u002F4 and 8\u002F4 mean on a lumber tag?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Hardwood yards quote rough thickness in quarters of an inch, so the tag reads \u003Cstrong>4\u002F4 for one inch\u003C\u002Fstrong>, 5\u002F4 for an inch and a quarter, 6\u002F4 for an inch and a half, \u003Cstrong>8\u002F4 for two inches\u003C\u002Fstrong> and 12\u002F4 for three.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Reading 8\u002F4 as eight inches is the expensive slip, since a quote built on that reading still looks ordinary. Three pieces of 8\u002F4 stock 6 inches wide by 48 inches long hold 12 board feet, $144 at $12 a board foot. Typed as 8 inches thick they return 48 board feet and a \u003Cstrong>$576\u003C\u002Fstrong> quote, four times the wood on the trailer.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2 id=\"rough-versus-surfaced-thickness\">Why a planed board measures less than the mill bills\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>A caliper on a finished 4\u002F4 board reads about \u003Cstrong>3\u002F4 inch\u003C\u002Fstrong>, while the tally sheet still carries the full inch that came off the saw blade. That missing quarter inch went out as planer shavings, S2S in yard shorthand for surfaced on two sides, though the mill bills the rough size all the same.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Measured on its planed faces, the same 44 board foot list comes back as 33.5 board feet, a shortfall of \u003Cstrong>10.5 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> worth \u003Cstrong>$68.25\u003C\u002Fstrong> at $6.50 a foot. The size that counts on the invoice is the one printed on the tag.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2 id=\"board-feet-common-dimensional-lumber\">How many board feet are in common dimensional lumber?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>A nominal 2x4 measures \u003Cstrong>1.5 by 3.5 inches\u003C\u002Fstrong> once it has been dried and planed, so an 8 foot stud holds \u003Cstrong>3.5 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> against the 5.33 board feet on the ticket.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Cthead>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth>Nominal board\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>Actual size (in)\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>Board feet billed\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>Board feet held\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Fthead>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>1x4x8\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>0.75 × 3.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>2.67\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>1.75\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>1x6x8\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>0.75 × 5.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>4.00\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>2.75\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>2x4x8\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>1.5 × 3.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>5.33\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>3.50\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>2x4x10\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>1.5 × 3.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>6.67\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>4.38\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>2x6x8\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>1.5 × 5.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>8.00\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>5.50\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>2x6x12\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>1.5 × 5.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>12.00\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>8.25\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>2x8x10\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>1.5 × 7.25\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>13.33\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>9.06\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>4x4x8\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>3.5 × 3.5\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>10.67\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>8.17\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>The bill therefore runs about \u003Cstrong>52 percent\u003C\u002Fstrong> above the wood in the stack, which on a 500 stud order means roughly 2,667 board feet charged for 1,750 board feet delivered.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Nominal names date from green rough sawn stock. The planed sizes shrank underneath the label while the names stayed, so the gap is a naming convention rather than an extra charge.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2 id=\"board-feet-to-linear-feet\">How to convert board feet to linear feet\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>There is no fixed factor for board feet to linear feet, because a linear foot counts length alone and ignores the cross section, meaning the thickness and width of the piece. Dividing 12 by thickness × width in inches gives the linear feet held in one board foot.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The 44 board foot list comes to \u003Cstrong>78 linear feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>, the figure that decides whether the stock fits a rack or a pickup bed.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2 id=\"how-much-will-200-board-feet-cover\">How much will 200 board feet cover?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>200 board feet is a volume rather than an area, so the question only has an answer once a finished thickness is fixed. Those 28,800 cubic inches spread to \u003Cstrong>200 square feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> at 1 inch thick and to \u003Cstrong>267 square feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> at 3\u002F4 inch.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Jointing and trimming take 15 to 20 percent off a rough order, leaving nearer \u003Cstrong>225 square feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Boards carrying wane, the strip of bark edge left where the log rounded off, lose more.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2 id=\"log-board-foot-calculator\">Does a log board foot calculator use the same formula?\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>No. A log board foot calculator runs on a log rule instead, an estimate of the lumber a sawyer can recover from a round section once the slabs and the saw kerf, the wood the blade turns to sawdust, have come out. It asks for the small end diameter inside the bark and the log length, then applies Doyle, Scribner or International 1\u002F4-inch.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The three rules disagree widely on small logs, a gap that lands straight on the ticket price. A 16 inch log 12 feet long scales at \u003Cstrong>108 board feet under Doyle\u003C\u002Fstrong> against about \u003Cstrong>180 under International 1\u002F4-inch\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Doyle dates from the 1820s and undercounts small timber, which is why buyers favor it while sellers push for International.\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-08-04T07:29:45.344Z","2026-08-10T10:00:02.267Z","2026-08-10T10:00:00.000Z","en","Board Foot Calculator",[16,20,24,28,32],{"id":17,"question":18,"answer":19},2208,"How do I calculate a board foot?","\u003Cp>Multiply thickness in inches by width in inches by length, then divide by \u003Cstrong>144 if the length is in inches\u003C\u002Fstrong> or by \u003Cstrong>12 if the length is in feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>. A 4\u002F4 board 6 inches wide and 8 feet long gives 1 × 6 × 8 ÷ 12 = \u003Cstrong>4 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Use the rough thickness printed on the tag rather than the thickness a caliper finds after planing, because the first number is the one the yard charges for.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":21,"question":22,"answer":23},2211,"How many board feet is a 2x4x10?","\u003Cp>A 2x4x10 counts as \u003Cstrong>6.67 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> on nominal dimensions, from 2 × 4 × 10 ÷ 12 = 6.666. The same stud measures 1.5 by 3.5 inches once it has been dried and planed, which works out at \u003Cstrong>4.38 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> of actual wood, though the yard still bills the nominal figure. Ten of them come to 66.7 board feet on the ticket against 43.8 in the pile.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":25,"question":26,"answer":27},2213,"How much will 200 board feet cover?","\u003Cp>Coverage depends on the finished thickness, since \u003Cstrong>200 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> is a volume of 28,800 cubic inches and not an area. At 1 inch thick it covers 200 square feet, at 3\u002F4 inch it covers \u003Cstrong>267 square feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> and at 1\u002F2 inch it covers 400 square feet. Take 15 to 20 percent off for jointing and end trimming, which leaves about \u003Cstrong>225 square feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> of usable surface from a 3\u002F4 inch layout.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":29,"question":30,"answer":31},2214,"How many board feet is a 2x4x8?","\u003Cp>A 2x4x8 is \u003Cstrong>5.33 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong>, from 2 × 4 × 8 ÷ 12 = 5.333. That nominal figure is what the yard bills on, so a hundred studs come to 533 board feet on the invoice against the \u003Cstrong>350 board feet\u003C\u002Fstrong> the planed 1.5 by 3.5 inch sections hold. Framing lumber is normally quoted by the piece, so the board foot total matters mainly for takeoffs and for comparing a piece price against a per board foot price.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"id":33,"question":34,"answer":35},2216,"How do you convert board feet to linear feet?","\u003Cp>Dividing 12 by thickness × width in inches gives the linear feet held in one board foot. A 4\u002F4 board 6 inches wide comes to 12 ÷ 6 = \u003Cstrong>2 linear feet per board foot\u003C\u002Fstrong>, while 8\u002F4 stock of the same width runs one to one. A mixed cut list has no single ratio, so read the linear feet total under the table instead of converting row by row.\u003C\u002Fp>",[],{"id":38,"documentId":39,"uid":40,"name":41,"tagline":42,"hubContent":43,"createdAt":44,"updatedAt":45,"publishedAt":46,"locale":13},27,"eb3vn4x2yjfb8rgjdmtb7r9e","home","Home & DIY","Materials, areas and layouts for home projects","\u003Cp>The calculators in this category answer the question that decides the order, which is how much material to buy. Concrete, gravel, mulch, tile, paint and lumber are each sold in their own unit, by the ton, the cubic yard, the box or the bag, so a raw volume rarely maps onto what a supplier will actually deliver. Every tool here turns a measurement into a purchase, adds the waste allowance the trade expects and flags the depths and dimensions that make a job fail.\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-08-04T07:29:26.689Z","2026-08-06T10:00:01.352Z","2026-08-06T10:00:00.000Z",{"id":48,"metaTitle":49,"metaDescription":50,"keywords":51,"metaRobots":51,"structuredData":51,"metaViewport":51,"canonicalURL":51},537,"Board Foot Calculator (Cut List, 4\u002F4 to 8\u002F4, Price)","This board foot calculator totals a whole cut list, reads 4\u002F4 and 8\u002F4 quarter notation, then prices the order and shows what it measures once planed.",null,[],[54,66,78,91],{"id":55,"documentId":56,"slug":57,"term":58,"definition":59,"relatedTools":60,"createdAt":63,"updatedAt":64,"publishedAt":65,"locale":13},17,"o1ljpluv6app6z9rrhst4gfn","cubic-yard","Cubic yard","\u003Cp>A \u003Cstrong>cubic yard\u003C\u002Fstrong> is the volume of a cube measuring 3 x 3 x 3 feet, which equals 27 cubic feet or about \u003Cstrong>0.7646 m³\u003C\u002Fstrong>. It is the standard unit for ordering bulk materials in the United States: ready-mix concrete, topsoil, gravel, sand and mulch are all priced and delivered by the cubic yard, often shortened to \"yard\" on a quote.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>For scale, a typical 12 x 10 ft patio slab poured 4 inches thick contains 40 cubic feet, which is 40 \u002F 27 = 1.48 cubic yards of concrete. A standard ready-mix truck carries 8 to 10 cubic yards, so that whole slab uses less than a fifth of one load.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>How big is a cubic yard in practice? The cube stands 3 feet on each side, roughly counter height, and holds about 14 full wheelbarrow loads of material. Spread out, one cubic yard covers close to 100 square feet at a depth of 3 inches, the usual layer for mulch or a gravel path.\u003C\u002Fp>",[61,62],"math\u002Fconcrete-calculator","math\u002Fvolume-calculator","2026-07-18T14:23:56.812Z","2026-08-02T10:00:01.228Z","2026-08-02T10:00:00.000Z",{"id":67,"documentId":68,"slug":69,"term":70,"definition":71,"relatedTools":72,"createdAt":75,"updatedAt":76,"publishedAt":77,"locale":13},16,"mdw0ypy9f3z1nioxaxnl9rvr","password-entropy","Entropy (passwords)","\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Entropy\u003C\u002Fstrong> measures how unpredictable a password is, expressed in bits. Each additional bit doubles the number of guesses an attacker needs. For a randomly generated password, it follows a simple formula: entropy = length × log2 of the alphabet size, so both the length and the variety of characters raise the score.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A random 16-character password drawn from the 94 printable ASCII symbols reaches 16 × log2(94), about \u003Cstrong>105 bits\u003C\u002Fstrong>. At 10 billion guesses per second, exhausting that space would take on the order of 10^14 years, while a 6-character password from the same alphabet peaks at 39 bits and falls in about a minute.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Written as a formula, \u003Cstrong>E = L × log2(N)\u003C\u002Fstrong>: the entropy equals the length L multiplied by the base-2 logarithm of N, the number of possible symbols per character. Current guidance treats 75 to 80 bits as the comfortable minimum for accounts that matter, a level a random 12-character password mixing all character types already clears.\u003C\u002Fp>",[73,74],"generator\u002Fpassword-generator","generator\u002Fusername-generator","2026-07-18T14:23:55.755Z","2026-08-01T10:00:01.360Z","2026-08-01T10:00:00.000Z",{"id":79,"documentId":80,"slug":81,"term":82,"definition":83,"relatedTools":84,"createdAt":88,"updatedAt":89,"publishedAt":90,"locale":13},15,"ypkfs6wnfljm03ge2b1ztiwv","percentage-point","Percentage point","\u003Cp>A \u003Cstrong>percentage point\u003C\u002Fstrong> is the unit used to express the arithmetic difference between two percentages. It compares rates by subtraction, while \"percent\" compares them by division: the two measures answer different questions and can differ wildly for the same change.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Example: an interest rate that moves from 5% to 7% rises by \u003Cstrong>2 percentage points\u003C\u002Fstrong> (7 - 5 = 2), but by 40 percent in relative terms (2 ÷ 5 × 100 = 40). Saying \"the rate went up 2%\" would be wrong on both counts: the correct phrasings are \"up 2 points\" or \"up 40%\".\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The standard abbreviation is \u003Cstrong>pp\u003C\u002Fstrong>, sometimes just \"points\", as in \"unemployment fell by 0.5 pp\". Confusing percent with percentage points remains the classic trap: a party moving from 20% to 30% in the polls gains 10 percentage points, yet grows by 50 percent, and headlines regularly pick the wrong figure.\u003C\u002Fp>",[85,86,87],"math\u002Fpercentage-calculator","math\u002Faverage-calculator","finance\u002Fcalcul-remise","2026-07-18T14:23:54.573Z","2026-07-31T10:00:01.940Z","2026-07-31T10:00:00.000Z",{"id":92,"documentId":93,"slug":94,"term":95,"definition":96,"relatedTools":97,"createdAt":100,"updatedAt":101,"publishedAt":102,"locale":13},14,"g3okb797ekrz0kkpm36mfjwc","weighted-average","Weighted average","\u003Cp>A \u003Cstrong>weighted average\u003C\u002Fstrong> is an average where each value counts in proportion to an assigned importance, called its weight, instead of counting equally. Each value is multiplied by its weight, the products are added, and the sum is divided by the total of the weights. Class grades, GPAs, and stock indexes are all weighted averages.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Example: scores of 92, 85, and 88 with weights of 30, 30, and 40 give (92 x 30 + 85 x 30 + 88 x 40) \u002F 100 = \u003Cstrong>88.3\u003C\u002Fstrong>. The plain average of the same scores is 88.33, but if the heaviest score dropped to 78, the weighted average would fall to 84.3 while the plain average only fell to 85.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The weighted average formula in plain words: multiply each value by its weight, add up the products, then divide by the sum of the weights. In a spreadsheet the whole calculation fits in one cell, since Excel's SUMPRODUCT function multiplies and adds in a single pass: SUMPRODUCT of the values and weights, divided by SUM of the weights.\u003C\u002Fp>",[86,98,99],"math\u002Fgrade-calculator","math\u002Fgpa-calculator","2026-07-18T14:23:53.329Z","2026-07-30T10:00:01.216Z","2026-07-30T10:00:00.000Z",{"slugs":104},[105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,6,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159],"age-calculator","average-calculator","cd-calculator","concrete-calculator","cursive-font-generator","date-calculator","fantasy-name-generator","final-grade-calculator","fraction-calculator","glitch-text-generator","gpa-calculator","grade-calculator","hex-converter","hours-calculator","interest-calculator","military-time-converter","roman-numeral-converter","password-generator","binary-converter","celsius-to-fahrenheit-converter","kg-to-lbs-converter","percentage-calculator","word-counter","tip-calculator","morse-code-translator","username-generator","ratio-calculator","sales-tax-calculator","small-text-generator","mm-to-inches-converter","volume-calculator","timer","square-footage-calculator","stair-calculator","roof-pitch-calculator","aspect-ratio-calculator","rounding-calculator","random-letter-generator","mulch-calculator","fence-calculator","upside-down-text-generator","acreage-calculator","gravel-calculator","proportion-calculator","paint-calculator","tile-calculator","braille-translator","quadratic-formula-calculator","gcf-calculator","probability-calculator","hex-to-rgb-converter","uuid-generator","standard-deviation-calculator","lcm-calculator","caesar-cipher"]